26 Sep

Jesus Christ is Lord, and the Greatest Man Who Ever Lived.

But when the time had fully come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman (Gal 4:4). From then until the moment when the word became flesh and dwelt among us (Jn 1:14), God was preparing mankind to welcome his only-begotten Son. Christ’s existence is a fact proved by history, particularly by the analysis of […]

04 Jun

HINTS ON STUDYING AND ANSWERING LAW PAST QUESTIONS

To excel in your Law Courses. Hints by Vitesolutions Isochukwunwosu@gmail.com www.isochukwu.com I think forming my note was more of an issue to me than were the exams. I sought to understand each course because the understanding would assist me in teaching and writing my works. Surprisingly, I still made good grades without much stress. These […]

09 Jul

BRIEF HISTORY OF OIL AND GAS IN NIGERIA

2.2 The History of Oil and Gas in Nigeria. The occurrence and discovery of petroleum is no new phenomenon. Some writers allege that the petroleum Industry emerged from North America[1]. The first oil well is alleged to have been dug in shush Iran about 500BC[2] and the first truly modern and commercial drilling of oil […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.1A PIPELINES (INTRODUCTION)

OIL AND GAS PIPELINES Oil in situ is worthless and needs to get to the final consumers. After oil is extracted, it needs to be transported to where it can be refined afterwhich it is transported to the market where it can be sold. Oil can be transported through vessels, ships, tankers or pipelines. Pipelines […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.1B PIPELINES (GUIDELINES ON CONSTRUCTION)

BRIEF GUIDELINES ON CONSTRUCTING PIPELINES IN NIGERIA A person who desires to construct a pipeline must follow the laid down guidelines. First:: He/she/it must obtain a Permit to Survey (Also referred to as a license to Survey) from the Petroleum Minister: As provided by Section 4 of the Oil Pipelines Act. To get this permit, […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.1C PIPELINES (COMMON USAGE, TERMINATION, ETC)

COMMON USAGE: This refers to a situation where two or more parties share an existing pipeline which goes to the same destination. This is NOT prohibited. Provided the conditions for use shall be determined by the parties or by the minister. USE BY THIRD PARTY: Section 18 of the Oil Pipelines Act provides: any person […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.1D PIPELINES (ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES)

ADVANTAGES OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION. – It is a more effective and speedy alternative. – Pipelines are comparatively safer than tankers. – It is more economical and cost-effective especially in relation to movement of large volumes. DISADVANTAGES. – Pipelines lack flexibility as their routes and destination cannot be changed except by reconstruction. – Pipelines are cost […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.1E PIPELINES (DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL)

DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL: the issue of decommissioning arises where a reservoir is depleted. i.e. where the well supplies oil to the pipeline has been exhausted. Decommissioning entails the removal and disposal of obsolete installations. May include plugging wells with cement to protect ground water communication and removal of equipment[1]. Regulation 35 and 45 of the […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.2 PETROLEUM REFINERY AND PROCESSING PLANT

PETROLEUM REFINERY AND PROCESSING PLANT. In commercial terms; refining is the process of improving the marketability of petroleum. It may include liquefaction of gas and separating crude oil…[1]Refining essentially involves subjecting the crude oil to a scientific process, which in the end produces products that can be marketed and distributed for our energy needs[2]. For […]

20 Jan

OIL AND GAS 2.3A REVENUE ALLOCATION

REVENUE ALLOCATION. From Section 162 of the 1999 constitution we can see that revenue is any income or return accruing to or derived by the government of the federation from any source. Revenue here is the income accruing from the oil and gas industry to the government. Revenue allocation therefore entails how the government shares […]